Throughout the semester I don’t think my writing has changed dramatically, but I do think that I am a more confident writer. When writing the source based essay it was a very different paper for me. I looked at multiple examples because I was insecure about my piece and didn’t know if what I wrote fit the requirements. After turning in my first draft to my peer review partner it made me feel good to read their paper. It made me feel good because it was nice to read a paper that was written by a student just like me and not an exemplar paper. When I finally turned in my final draft and got my grade back I was so happy to see that I got all the possible points for that assignment. This experience made me have more confidence in myself because I got all the possible points for an assignment I wasn’t originally confident for. For the climate narrative assignment I felt confident. I liked what I was writing about and it was a real and genuine story. This assignment was also a narrative so I wasn’t concerned with being formal or doing any research. It was a story that came from me. Lastly the research paper assignment was very nerve racking for me. Because of covid, this semester has been a unique one. I didn’t have a normal graduation and I took my first college semester from my bedroom. This experience has made me feel like i’m not a “real” college student yet. So when I heard that I had to turn in a research paper I felt like I wasn’t capable of producing a research paper good enough for college. After writing my first draft I thought it was awful (which it was), but later I learned that having a bad first draft is okay. After doing the draft I kind of left my paper alone. I knew I had time to do it so I wasn’t very concerned about it. As the final deadline approached the nervous feeling came back. I didn’t feel like I could write a good research paper. What even was a good research paper? I was tired and made a plan. I would read my self reflection, my peer feedback, and my professors feedback then go from there. I decided that I needed to update my thesis, add some information, and edit one paragraph at a time. It didn’t take long until I was done which felt so good. I had looked at my paper piece by piece and edited everything I wanted to. At this point I wasn’t scared of what my grade would be because I was proud of the work I had produced. Reflecting on all of the work from this semester has shown me to always be confident. All I have control over is knowing I did my best with the information I had. Knowing that, in the future I think I will do better with not being anxious over things I can’t control.
During this class I have learned the steps I must take in order to have a successful writing process. First I think it is very important to have an outline. This part helps me structure my paper and write down the ideas I want to add. Next is to create a first draft. The first draft allows me to write out the ideas I want to include in a nice way. Lastly is the revisions process which is my personal favorite. Here I get to read through my essay multiple times and just make things better every time. I especially like when I revise my papers section by section because it allows me to focus in and really dedicate my brain to all of my essays. Even though I don’t feel like my writing has changed dramatically this semester, I think that as I continue to write using my new process I will produce better quality work. From this class I learned how to plan my time. By breaking up assignments into first drafts and final drafts I was able to see how these steps make the assignment easier and less stressful. I plan to use this technique in other classes as well. I would like to break down all of my assignments and create a timeline for when things should be done. This will help me to have my assignment done on time and stress free. Additionally this technique does not only have to be used solely for writing assignments it can be used for other assignments and projects as well.
As a writer I feel like my strengths are in the planning department. I really like the way I am able to easily create a well thought out plan to get my paper organized and written in a timely fashion. I believe that I still could work on my analysis and my grammar. Often in my papers I will end up restating my evidence opposed to drawing conclusions. Additionally, I would like to work on my grammar. Grammar is something I have always struggled with. In school they never taught us grammar; they would just mark the mistake and hope for you to stop making them. I believe that even though my grammar is not the best, people are able to understand what is written in my papers which is the most important thing to me. However I still would like to work on getting better at this. Overall, this class has been extremely impactful. The fact that we are asked to reflect on the work we did and what it taught us teaches an important idea. To do better you must first acknowledge what you did well, and what you didn’t do so well on. Then use this to say how I can do better. To finally sum up this reflection I think there are two major things I am taking away.
Always have a plan. Having a plan allows you to focus on a project in specific parts. You are able to give your attention to one part at a time which in the end will produce a better result.
Always reflect. Looking back at your work and assessing what worked, what didn’t work, and what are my next steps are important tools to help any student thrive.
Thank you for all that you have taught me this semester. I look forward to using it to become a successful student at city college throughout my next three and a half years.
Automotive Industry and Climate Change: Are electric cars really good for the environment? What can be done to make them more sustainable?
By: Madison R. Abreu
Introduction
Without drastic actions the effects of climate change can soon become irreversible. This concern has led to many industries enhancing their products to be more environmentally friendly. While this movement is good it isn’t enough to save our planet. This is evident with the creation of electric vehicles. According to BBC News additional steps other than shifting to electric vehicles will need to be taken if we are going to meet our current climate goals. However the implementation of an electric dominated motor industry is a step in the right direction.
Manufacturing
The first step in creating a vehicle is the manufacturing process which includes the gathering of materials. In the article “SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION: ELECTRIC VS. GAS” Folk writes “The batteries utilized in EVs often contain lithium-ion. The mining and processing of lithium are energy-intensive and polluting.”(Folk, 2020). Additionally in the article “Are Electric Cars Really Greener?” Gonclaves writes that “to produce 1 ton of REE, 75 tons of acid waste (which isn’t always handled in the right way) and 1 ton of radioactive residues are also made, according to the Chinese Society of Rare Earths.”(Gonclaves, 2020). Here we see that during their manufacturing process, electric vehicles are producing a lot of waste because of the gathering of the materials needed. Gas vehicles don’t require these rare earth elements. Solely looking at the manufacturing process of electric vehicles and gas vehicles it would seem that gas vehicles are producing significantly less waste; however, we can’t judge the sustainability of these cars on their manufacturing processes alone. Folk also writes “Even when EV manufacturing is taken into consideration, the average battery-powered car still produces 50% fewer emissions than gas-powered vehicles over their comparative lifetimes.”(Folk, 2020). This difference in lifetime emissions is a significant gap and BBC News mentions that this gap is even larger in countries where their national grids are run on more renewable energy resources. We see here that the negatives that come with the manufacturing of electric vehicles do not outweigh the benefits that could come with them. Additionally electric vehicles as they are now are not the final solution. Scientists are still working on creating better batteries for electric vehicles and constantly looking for new ways to make them increasingly more sustainable.
Emissions While in Use
Technically because of the way batteries in electric vehicles work they produce no exhaust from their tailpipe. On the other hand, Cars that run on gas need to burn that gas in order to create a chemical reaction in the engine to make it run, in turn releasing exhaust. Electric vehicles don’t need to rely on combustion thanks to the lithium-ion batteries most of them use. This may lead someone to believe that electric cars are the ultimate solution to our transportation problems, however we’re missing part of the information. Electric cars need to charge at charging stations in order to function and serve their purpose as a motor vehicle. The charging stations are feeding the car electricity that is not always clean energy. This means that while electric cars may not be causing direct pollution, they still rely on fossil fuels and other unclean forms of energy to run.
Figure 1
United States national average of electricity sources
In figure 1 we see that our country relies on a nonrenewable dominated energy market. Gonclaves writes “if the electricity used to charge cars comes from the burning of fossil fuels, it doesn’t matter if the Electric Vehicles are not polluting while being driven, as this pollution was already released in some distant power plant.”(Gonclaves, 2020). Here the author makes an important connection. It’s great that electric vehicles themselves don’t produce any exhaust emission, but they do require it to happen somewhere else. This is especially bad in countries where their grid is run on an unclean and fossil fuel dominated energy market. As countries move toward cleaner energy, electric cars will also benefit and produce less indirect emissions because the grids they are powered by are relying more on clean energy sources. In the article “100 Percent Renewable Energy Charged EV Stations Allow Driving on Sunshine” Movellan writes “In the U.S., Envision Solar, headquartered in San Diego, California, has developed the unique EV ARC (Electric Vehicle Autonomous Renewable Charger), which is the world’s first fully autonomous, mobile, and 100 percent solar charged EV station.” This invention could change the way we currently charge electric vehicles. As mentioned before the more renewable energy we use to charge these cars the less emissions they will put out and this invention allows us to do just that. This charging station not only charges using solar power, but during the day it stores energy for an electric vehicle to be charged at night as well. The article also says “According to Alternative Fuels Data Center run by the U.S. Department of Energy, there are 10,307 public EV charging stations, which provide electricity from 26,589 charging outlets in the US. How many of those EV stations supply renewable energy is currently unknown, but in the near future, we may be able to select EV chargers by the type of electricity, much like we select different types of gas at a gas station”. With so many charging stations and currently no measure of how many of them are renewable, the creation of this new solar powered charging station can lead to big steps toward an electric motor industry. They supply the vehicle with clean energy to run on, they’re mobile, and don’t require being plugged in to anything.
Recycling
Another issue related to electric cars has to do with the disposal of electric batteries. Once the batteries for these cars need to be replaced, what happens to the old batteries? As mentioned previously the batteries for electric cars contain rare earth elements; however the recycling process is extremely wasteful. The recycling process for these batteries is expensive because they are larger than other similar batteries which are found in smart phones and electronics, so these batteries often go unrecycled because the process is not cost effective and the valuable rare earth elements go to waste. Gonclaves says “in the EU market, in 2011, only 5% of lithium was being collected and the rest was either incinerated or dumped in landfills”(Gonclaves, 2020). This process is extremely wasteful considering these materials are a limited resource and can be used up. Gonclaves writes “In spite of these pollution issues, research tells us not to worry about the availability of these rare earth elements and when it comes to lithium, there is data estimating enough worldwide reserves for the next 185 years, even if the EC market triples, according to Deutsche Bank. As for cobalt, graphite, and nickel, they also seem to be in a comfortable situation, since the demand for the years to come is expected to stay far away from the reserves Earth has to offer.”(Gonclaves, 2020). This mindset does not prepare us for the future. We may have enough reserves to last us a while, but what happens after this time has passed. It is important to not only think about what benefits us today, but also think about future generations and the problems they will face if we squander our limited resources.
Limitations
Even though electric cars are overall better for the environment than gas cars, not everyone may have access to them. The charging stations for these electric cars are limited, so as we try to move towards a more electric motor industry we also need to increase the amount of charging stations. Additionally, BBC News mentions the strain this could put on our energy supply. According to the article “Should All Cars Be Electric By 2025? the Electric Car Debate In Europe” The author writes “the use of electric energy by automobiles would lead to a reduction in gasoline consumption of 40.7% in 2031, accompanied by an increase in electricity consumption of 42.1% in relation to official projections” The increase in electric vehicle use would cause a higher demand for energy which could result in more use of fossil fuels to supply the demand. We need to move toward an electric dominated motor industry gradually, so that our grid can keep up with the demand.
Innovation
Our motor industry has the potential, with innovation, to be increasingly efficient. In the journal article “Electric avenue: Electric cars on a 2 way street?” the author explains that there are people exploring plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This idea would prepare cars with the tools necessary to store solar and wind energy to supply its own demand and potentially feed energy back into the grid which could be profitable for the owner of the vehicle. Additionally, the improvement of our recycling practices would make it more cost-efficient to recycle these batteries and reuse the valuable material inside. Lastly, these batteries have the potential to be reused as a place to store energy as well. Using the batteries for a longer period of time could offset the impact of creating them in the first place.
Conclusion
Compared to traditional gas vehicles, electric vehicles are the way to go. While their manufacturing process is a cause for concern, we have seen how in all the other aspects of their lifetime they are significantly more efficient than gas vehicles. As we continue to advance our technology electric vehicles will only become even more environmentally safe.
“Electric Vehicles.” Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 25 Sept. 2020, www.pca.state.mn.us/air/electric-vehicles.
“Emissions from Hybrid and Plug-In Electric Vehicles.” Alternative Fuels Data Center: Emissions from Hybrid and Plug-In Electric Vehicles, afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions.html.
Folk, E. (2020, June 1). SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION: ELECTRIC VS. GAS. Science Connected. Retrieved October 22, 2020, from https://magazine.scienceconnected.org/2020/06/sustainable-transportation-electric-vs-gas/
Gonçalves, A. (2020, March 09). Are electric cars really eco-friendly? Maybe not as such much as you think. Retrieved October 23, 2020, from https://youmatter.world/en/are-electric-cars-eco-friendly-and-zero-emission-vehicles-26440/
Movellan, Junko. “100 Percent Renewable Energy Charged EV Stations Allow Driving on Sunshine.” Renewable Energy World, 7 Apr. 2020, www.renewableenergyworld.com/2015/08/25/100-percent-renewable-energy-charged-ev-stations-allow-driving-on-sunshine/.
Studies from J.E. da Silva et al Add New Findings in the Area of Sustainability Research (Implementation of a Photovoltaic Panel to Supply Electric Cars Energy Demands). (2018, November 30). Economics Week, 648. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A563286068/AONE?u=cuny_ccny&sid=AONE&xid=71076610
“Studies from University of Lyon Provide New Data on Sustainability Research (Should All Cars Be Electric By 2025? the Electric Car Debate In Europe).” Ecology, Environment & Conservation, 14 June 2019, p. 1039. Gale Academic OneFile, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A588210985/AONE?u=cuny_ccny&sid=AONE&xid=3f89488e. Accessed 22 Oct. 2020.
“When you go shopping for clothes you’re supporting an industry that is not sustainable”… What! How could this be? I love to shop. Hearing this made me feel conflicted. How could I love something so much and no longer want to support it at the same time? This idea ate away at my conscience so I had to learn more. Let me take you back to the beginning of the story.
During my years in high school, government and economics was one of the most impactful classes I took. This class was the most impactful for me because we talked about real-life issues regarding politics and systematic problems which were and still are very important to me. While taking this course my time in class was cut short by the coronavirus pandemic, but my teacher continued giving us engaging things to think about while at home one of these things being fast fashion. One week he assigned us videos and articles to read about how the fashion industry is not sustainable. This information was a shock to me because I absolutely love clothes, shopping, and getting dressed up. This information was hard for me to hear, but the more I learned the more outrageous the information became. I didn’t realize how many years of clean drinking water could be taken from people by the fashion industry. I didn’t realize that the clothes people donate were being put into dumps and burned in foreign countries affecting their air quality. I didn’t realize that some clothes use crude oil to be made or that when you wash some garments it pollutes the ocean with plastic. In my head, I knew climate change was a serious problem, but I lacked the information to make these big connections that my shopping choices were contributing to climate change. This was only the first of many topics that my teacher introduced us to, but it’s the one that got to me. I couldn’t just learn that new information and move on with my life; I had to make changes. Knowing myself I would have to stop supporting the fashion industry as it is right now: unsustainable and draining of our resources we could be giving to people. I decided that I no longer wanted to buy my clothes brand new. If I wanted to shop I could shop at thrift stores and learn to upcycle. At first, this change seemed easy, but it was hard. Going into stores with other people was very tempting to me because I could always find something cool or cute by just looking in the direction of the clothing section, but I had to reflect on how this choice would make me feel and I know it would hurt my conscience to deliberately do something that I know is supporting an industry that hurts our environment. This one topic was the catalyst for my extreme interest in learning more about humans’ effect on climate change. In that same class, we learned about how governments and public officials contribute to climate change. Our politicians can claim that they support moving toward a net-zero world, but then they turn around and accept funding from companies that are causing the problems. We also spoke about how even things as simple as our devices are made with harmful materials to us as users. These companies use perceived obsolescence to make people buy new things and throw out the old which creates more waste. I could go on and on about all the things I’ve learned, but the important part is how it changed me. Knowing these things made me angry. I just want to live in a world where people aren’t so greedy and we could look at the bigger picture and decide to make things better. I decided to make more changes to my lifestyle. I also bought a bicycle and instead of driving everywhere, I’ve been riding my bike. This change has not been too difficult for me at all. I plan on buying a basket to hold stuff in the front so that I can get more stuff done with my bike as opposed to a car. The hardest thing about riding a bike is that you have to use your own energy which can be hard sometimes if you’re going long distances. I carry around reusable bags with me when I go to stores so that I don’t have to use plastic or paper ones. I also carry with me a water bottle so I don’t have to buy drinks in plastic containers. This practice was extremely easy once I made it a part of my daily routine, but at first, I kept forgetting to grab my bag and bottle. Lastly, I try to conserve energy as much as I can while I’m home by unplugging things I’m not using and conserving water along with other things. This is very easy for me too. I simply have to pay attention to the small choices I’m making.
Not everything is easy when it comes to taking action based on what you know about climate change. Many people including myself are raised with patterns that are bad for the environment and are hard to break because they could mean the sacrifice of things we love. This one class shaped my path for college. I committed to city college with the intention of being an environmental engineering major. I want to do research and help be a part of something that makes non-sustainable systems into sustainable ones. This one class changed the way I view the world and helped shape a newfound passion for me that I now hope to pursue as a career.
Among the countless effects of climate change, the transportation industry is a major source of pollution on our planet. This information has led to the development of electric cars which are designed to be more energy-efficient and less polluting than gas cars. Still, with the change from electric to gas cars, significant changes will have to be made in order to reduce the effects of climate change.
In the article “Are Electric Cars Really Greener?” Andre Goncalves analyses the environmental impacts of electric cars and how they may be better than gas cars, but they still leave a carbon footprint. This piece of writing fits into the informational article genre. This article was shared through the medium of a website. The author of this article Andre Goncalves establishes his credibility by mentioning that he has studied sustainability management. The article says “We are running to avoid the 2° Celsius temperature increase and prevent the bad consequences of climate change from happening. But is preventing the bad the same as planning for the best?”(Goncalves). By mentioning the drastic changes needed to avoid the two degrees celsius temperature increase the author appeals to pathos. This question at the end causes people to really self reflect and look at their own choices when it comes to climate change. The language used throughout the article is very simple and easy to understand as a novice to the topic. The language helps to show that the intended audience could be people who own cars, people who are planning on buying a car, or anyone who is curious about the environmental impacts of electric v.s. gas cars. This particular audience may be impacted by this article because of the authors appeal to pathos as previously stated. This may cause car owners or people planning on buying cars to make changes to their decisions which shows how this article is not only effective at informing, but potentially sparking change. The article says “As cars make up 72% of the Co2 emissions in this sector (followed by planes, with 10%), the market of electric cars has been growing and seems to be a good solution to fight climate change. But is it true that EVs have zero emissions?”(Goncalves). The author writes this after explaining the climate change problem in the world which shows that the rhetorical situation is climate change. This quote helps to show that the purpose of this article is to inform the reader of the extent that electric cars are eco-friendly and to connect this transportation pollution issue to climate change. Gonclaves clearly takes the stance that electric cars are not as environmentally friendly as people suspect them to be and because of this, changes need to be made. This is made clear throughout the article as he makes multiple arguments as to why electric vehicles cause more pollution than is let on. The author consistently enhances his argument by adding more categories where electric cars are not actually as environmentally friendly as we think. For example, The author mentions that while electric cars may be a greener throughout their lifespan, they require rare earth materials that need to be mined and mining causes a lot of pollution. The author also mentions how the lithium used in the batteries for electric cars is not recycled and ends up in landfills or incinerated which is a waste of material. In the article, Gonclaves writes “As for the energy production if the car is being powered with energy from burning fossil fuels, it is still releasing CO2 in the atmosphere, not from the tailpipe but from some distant power plant.”(Goncalves). Gonclaves continues to prove that electric cars are not as sustainable as we think. Here he explains that while electric cars may not be polluting the air as you drive it, the energy needed for them to run is being produced for the most part by fossil fuels. This analysis helps to convey a critical tone throughout the article. While electric cars may have many benefits, Gonclaves does remain critical in his explanation of why electric cars are not as green as people often think they are. This critical tone contributes to his stance because it helps the reader understand that changes still need to be made without sugar coding the information.
In the article “Electric cars emissions myth busted” Roger Harrabin discusses how electric cars create less emission than regular gas cars. “The new research from the universities of Exeter, Nijmegen – in The Netherlands – and Cambridge shows that in 95% of the world, driving an electric car is better for the climate than a petrol car.”(Harrabin) These cars aren’t polluting the air as they are driven, but the charging stations which they get their energy from are not always powered by clean energy. The author Roger Harrabin, an environmental analyst for BBC news, also mentions “Travel demand reductions of at least 20% are required, along with a major shift away from the car if we are to meet our climate goals.”(Harrabin). This statement puts emphasis on the rhetorical situation which is climate change. The transportation industry is a large contributor to global emissions and here the author says that changes need to be made if we are going to protect the earth. This quote also helps to show the author’s stance and purpose. The author takes the stance that electric cars are cleaner than gas vehicles; however, in addition to switching to electric cars, more changes need to be made in order to keep the planet safe. This stance influences the purpose of the article and makes it to inform the readers of why we need to make changes to the way we transport. Additionally, the purpose of informing connects to the genre of this piece which is an informational article. Throughout the article, the author uses simple language to allow all readers to understand. This shows that the author may be directing this toward an audience who consists of novices to the subject of electric cars and their sustainability. This piece is shared on a news source medium, BBC news, which helps support the audience being novices because this news source produces news for everyday readers to get informed. People who are well informed about this subject may not have been able to grab any new information from this article. The article also says “But that doesn’t mean the problem of cars and the environment is solved. First, it’ll be hard to shift the car fleet to electric in time to meet the UK’s 2050 climate goal. Second, the process will put a huge strain on the generation and supply of clean energy.”(Harrabin). This analysis explains how the transition from gas cars to electric cars will not be an easy one. There are still many obstacles that will come along the way concerning clean energy and emissions. This quote helps to convey the author’s cautionary tone. By saying that the problem isn’t over he’s giving a warning that we still need to find a solution to the problems that come up along the way because if not we won’t reach our climate mark which could lead to irreversible changes.
In the article “Sustainable Transportation: Electric v.s. Gas” Emily Folk discusses the benefits of switching to electric cars. The author Emily Folk, a sustainability and green technology writer, looks into the differences between the specific stages of pollution and the difference in pollution throughout the car’s lifespan. The rhetorical situation for this article is climate change. The transportation system is a major part of global emissions which has led to the creation of electric cars. The article says “EVs produce significantly fewer emissions than gas-powered vehicles. While there may be some debate over the environmental impact of the manufacturing process, the benefits of electric vehicles far outweigh their shortcomings.”(Folk) This quote helps to show the stance this author takes is that people should shift to electric vehicles. While they are not perfect they do produce significantly fewer emissions. This quote also helps to show how the author uses a direct tone to inform the reader of the facts and her stance. This article was published in the medium of a scientific magazine. Additionally, this article uses language that is easy to understand for all audiences. The medium and language together show that the audience of this paper is directed toward people interested in science and specifically the science behind cars and their pollution. The article also says “Electric cars may produce zero tailpipe emissions in comparison to gas-powered vehicles, but they require significantly more energy during production… When comparing direct emissions from electric and gas-powered vehicles, EV’s are the clear winner. While the production of car batteries is a carbon-intensive process, the lifespan of driving an electric vehicle is extremely efficient… Even when EV manufacturing is taken into consideration, the average battery-powered car still produces 50% fewer emissions than gas-powered vehicles over their comparative lifetimes.”(Folk) This quote shows that the author’s purpose is to inform their reader. Folk succeeds in informing the reader that while EV’s may produce more emissions while being produced, they still produce significantly fewer emissions throughout their lifetimes. This purpose is in line with the genre of the article which is an informational article. This quote also supports that the tone of this article is direct because the author is very straightforward when explaining the facts and why electric cars are overall better than gas cars.
The journal article “Electric avenue: Electric cars on a 2-way street?” was published by NewSRX LLC. This article’s medium is an online journal. Specifically, this was published in the journal of engineering which shows that the intended audience may be engineers or researchers. This article uses some language referring to systems that not all readers may understand; however, despite this language, the article is understandable to many people outside of the intended audience. In the journal article “Electric avenue: Electric cars on a 2-way street?” The purpose is to propose and share a new more efficient function that could potentially be used for electric cars. The author makes it clear that the rhetorical situation is car efficiency and productivity. The author writes “No more sitting idle for hours in parking lots or garages racking up payments, but instead earning their keep by helping store power for the electricity grid.”(“Electric Avenue”). This shows that the author is trying to make it clear that cars could be created in a way that is more beneficial to the owner. Additionally, this sentence shows the author’s tone is informative by hinting at information that will be shared throughout the article. In the article it says “Stein leads a National Science Foundation-funded team exploring plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) that not only use grid electricity to meet their power needs, but also the car’s potential to store electricity from the wind or sun, or even feed electricity back into the grid, earning money for the owner.”(“Electric Avenue”) In other words, the author is proposing a new function for electric cars. One that would make them more valuable and efficient. This also contributes to the stance of the author which is that cars can be improved so that they can become more useful and efficient. Additionally, the author makes it clear that the genre of this article is an informational article. This is made clear by the introduction to the new concept for electric cars. The author clearly is trying to inform the reader of this potential advance in the efficiency of electric vehicles.
Throughout all of the writings which were comparing electric and gas cars, there were many similarities between the medium, stance, purpose, and language along with a few differences in the author’s tones. All of the articles were shared online. This shows that the audiences were intended to be a variety of people including researchers, students, and just interested individuals. Additionally, the language used across all articles was easily understandable which supports the common purpose these authors had which was to inform the reader. Lastly, for similarities, all of these authors took the stance that was moving toward a more sustainable transportation industry. On the other hand, something that differed from text to text was the author’s tone. I think the difference in tone was good because every article may appeal to a different reader more. Overall, these articles were written by four different authors but had a similar objective which led to many similarities when analyzing the rhetorical devices used.
Works Cited
“Electric avenue: Electric cars on a 2-way street?” Journal of Engineering, 10 Mar. 2010, p. 158. Gale Academic OneFile, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A220370890/AONE? u=cuny_ccny&sid=AONE&xid=6a26cc86. Accessed 1 Oct. 2020.
Folk, Emily. “SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION: ELECTRIC VS. GAS.” Science Connected , 1 June 2020.
Gonçalves , André. “Are Electric Cars Really Eco-Friendly? Maybe Not as Such Much as You Think.” Youmatter, 9 Mar. 2020, youmatter.world/en/are-electric-cars-eco-friendly-and-zero-emission-vehicles-26440/.
Harrabin, Roger. “Electric Car Emissions Myth ‘Busted’.” BBC News, 23 Mar. 2020, www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51977625.
Need help with the Commons?
Email us at [email protected] so we can respond to your questions and requests. Please email from your CUNY email address if possible. Or visit our help site for more information:
